3D打印可拆卸垂体瘤切除模型的真实性评估

目的探究可拆卸经鼻垂体腺瘤切除操作模型的真实性,并初步探讨了模型的教学性。方法利用患者CT建模、精细优化及3D打印技术构建可拆卸垂体腺瘤切除模型。评估者为19名来自北京协和医院的本院及进修医师,其中年资<10分入"低年资组";年资≥10分入"高年资组"。每位医师分别对3D打印垂体腺瘤切除模型进行操作,并于操作前后分别填写调查问卷、评估量表。结果高年资组的探查经验均高于低年资组。真实度项目的得分均在4附近,各评分项间无明显差异;"切除垂体腺瘤"步骤的真实性评分相对较低;高年资组评分普遍低于低年资组。操作前低年资组信心评分显著低于高年资组,操作后两组评分趋于一致;低年资组的垂体腺瘤切除信心评分变化显著高于高年资组(P<0.05)。结论该模型具有较高的真实性,可用于教学试验进一步评估教学效果。     

Minimally Invasive Treatments for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

PurposeTo review and to compare indirectly the outcomes of minimally invasive therapies for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia.Materials and MethodsA literature search via Medline and Cochrane Central databases was completed for randomized control studies published between January 2000 to April 2020 for the following therapies: Rezum, Urolift, Aquablation, and prostatic artery embolization (PAE). Data on the following variables were included: International prostate symptom score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate, quality of life, and postvoid residual (PVR). Standard mean differences between treatments were compared through a meta-analysis using transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to assess differences in treatment effect.ResultsThere was no significant difference in outcomes between therapies for IPSS at the 3, 6, and 12-month follow ups. Although outcomes for Rezum were only available out to 3 months, there were no consistently significant differences in outcomes when comparing Aquablation versus PAE versus Rezum. TURP PVR was significantly better than Urolift at 3, 6, and 12 months. No significant differences in minor or major adverse events were noted.ConclusionAlthough significant differences in outcomes were limited, Aquablation and PAE were the most durable at 12 months. PAE has been well studied on multiple randomized control trials with minimal adverse events while Aquablation has limited high quality data and has been associated with bleeding-related complications.     

Retroperitoneal-first laparoscopic approach (Retlap)-assisted distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection (DP-CAR): A novel minimally invasive approach for achieving adequate dorsal surgical margin

BackgroundDistal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection (DP-CAR) is a procedure to secure a surgical margin for a locally advanced pancreatic body cancer that invades the celiac axis. However, in patients with cancer close to the root of the celiac axis, obtaining adequate surgical margins can be difficult because the tumor obstructs the field of vision to the root of the celiac axis. Previously, we described the retroperitoneal-first laparoscopic approach (Retlap) to achieve both accurate evaluation of resectability for locally advanced pancreatic cancer requiring DP-CAR [1] and adequate surgical margin for laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy [2]. In this video, we introduce Retlap-assisted DP-CAR as a minimally invasive approach for performing an artery-first pancreatectomy [3, 4] and achieving sufficient dorsal surgical margin (Fig. 1).MethodsOur patient is a 67-year-old man with a 55 × 29-mm pancreatic body tumor after chemotherapy. Preoperative computed tomography revealed a tumor close to the root of the celiac axis. Because the area of tumor invasion on preoperative images was near the root of the celiac artery, Retlap-assisted DP-CAR was performed to determine whether the celiac axis can be secured and obtain an adequate dorsal surgical margin (Fig. 2).ResultsThe operative time and estimated blood loss was 715 min and 449 mL, respectively. In spite of the advanced tumor's location and size, R0 resection was achieved in a minimally invasive way.ConclusionRetlap-assisted DP-CAR is not only technically feasible and useful for achieving accurate evaluation of resectability but also facilitates obtaining an adequate surgical margin.     

肝内胆管癌多学科综合治疗优化选择

肝内胆管癌（ICC）作为第二常见的肝脏恶性肿瘤，虽然R0根治性切除是首选的可治愈方法，但ICC诊断时仅12%～40%病人可获得手术根治的机会，手术后5年存活率也仅为25%～40%。通过辅助化疗和区域治疗降期后可使部分晚期ICC病人获得行根治性手术或肝移植的机会。靶向药物和免疫治疗作为有益的补充，对于有基因突变作用靶点的选择性病人可能会延长生存期。以肝胆外科为主，包含影像科、病理科、肿瘤化疗科、放疗科和介入科的多学科诊疗团队，通过多学科讨论模式，结合病人具体病情，采取个体化、综合化的治疗手段，才能使ICC病人获得最优化的治疗选择。     

肝内胆管癌术前评估要点

肝内胆管癌（ICC）是发病率仅次于肝细胞癌的原发性肝癌，其恶性程度高，预后差。近年来，ICC的发病率逐步上升。根治性手术切除是目前可能使病人获得长期生存最有效的治疗方式，但根治性切除率低、术后复发率高仍是外科医生和ICC病人共同面临的巨大阻碍。然而由于ICC发病隐匿和恶性程度高的特性使很多病人初诊时便丧失了手术治疗的机会。因此，早期筛查、准确临床诊断、充分术前评估及完备精准的手术方案是手术赖以顺利实施的保障。癌胚抗原（CEA）和CA19-9对ICC的诊断具有一定价值。影像学检查是诊断ICC的最重要手段。腹部超声是临床第一线的早期筛查手段；CT和MRI是临床上用于ICC最常用的影像学检查。三维重建技术为术前残肝体积预估，手术方案制定提供更直接更精准的信息。建立能准确预测ICC预后的分期系统非常重要。术前减黄是否需要尚存争议。残肝体积和肿瘤是否转移是判断手术可切除性的两个要点。腹腔镜探查、腹腔镜超声检查及术中快速冷冻活检是判断是否可实施根治性切除的重要手段。     

基于VAS评价右美托咪定在宫颈癌根治术后镇痛及术后快速康复中的临床效果

目的:研究右美托咪定在宫颈癌根治术后镇痛及术后快速康复中的临床应用效果。方法:将2015年7月至2018年7月在本院行宫颈癌根治术的86例患者随机分为对照组和观察组各43例。对照组术后镇痛采用舒芬太尼和格拉司琼，观察组术后镇痛加用右美托咪定。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评价患者术后1 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h疼痛情况，采用Ramesay评分法评价患者不同时间点镇静状况，记录并比较两组患者不同时间点收缩压、舒张压、心率及呼吸频率变化，比较两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h VAS评分均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05），Ramesay评分均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组和对照组患者术后不同时间点呼吸频率比较，差异无统计学意义，但术后6 h、12 h、24 h观察组患者收缩压、心率均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05），术后1 h、6 h观察组患者舒张压明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组患者恶心呕吐、高血压发生率较对照组明显减低。结论:右美托咪定用于宫颈癌根治术后镇痛，可以提高镇痛镇静效果，稳定患者血流动力学，有助于术后快速康复。